- Add quotation marks around the quote
- Include surname(s) of author(s), year of publication and page number
For quote of 40 words or more
- Indent the entire quotation (about a half inch)
- Double-space
- No quotation marks
That most of the Tang wares we enjoy today were made neither for the collector's pleasure nor even for domestic use but simply as cheap grave goods probably account for their unsophisticated charm and vigor. These qualities are most apparent in the great numbers of figurines placed in the tombs, which gave a vivid picture of daily life in Tang times. They vary in size from animals and toys a few inches high to gigantic horses, Bactrian camels, armed men, and fantastic squatting guardian creatures popularly called qutou or bixie. (p. 158)
- No quotation marks
- Adding page number after the message is OPTIONAL
OR
No. of Authors | First Citation (Narrative) |
Subsequent Citations (Narrative) | First Citation (Parenthetical) |
Subsequent Citations (Parenthetical) |
2 | Chu and Silva (2016) | Chu and Silva (2016) | (Chu & Silva, 2016) | (Chu & Silva, 2016) |
3 or more* | Pérez et al. (2012) | Pérez et al. (2012) | (Pérez et al., 2012) | (Pérez et al., 2012) |
Group Author | National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA, 2019) | NASA (2019) | (National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA], 2019) | (NASA, 2019) |
*If there are multiple works with 3 or more authors and the same publication date, list out as many authors as needed to distinguish the works in order to avoid ambiguity. For example,
Work 1: Pérez, Moore, Tudor, Lee, Chan, and Müller (2013)
Work 2: Pérez, Moore, Tudor, Chu, Silva, and Müller (2013)
The in-text citation should be as follows:
Pérez, Moore, Tudor, Chu, et al. (2013) argue that...
2 or more works by different authors
2 or more works by the same author and with the same publication date
In the reference list, provide the reference of the secondary source (i.e. work of Henderson and Berla) only.
*Secondary sources should only be used sparingly as you are encouraged to read through the original work.
Single Author
Two Authors
Author surname, A. A., & Author surname, B. B. (Year). Book title (Edition). Publisher.Multiple Authors
Put , & before the last authorOrganization as Author
Omit the publisher if it is the same as the authorTwo or More Works by the Same Author and with the Same Publication Date
Place the reference entry of a first
Beard, M. (2008b). The fires of Vesuvius: Pompeii lost and found. The Belknap Press of Harvard University.
Book Chapter
Author surname, A. A. (Year). Title of a chapter. In B. B. Editor surname & C. C. Editor surname (Eds.), Book title (pp. xx-xx). Publisher.
With DOI
Author surname, A. A. (Year). Book title. Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxxxxxxx
Without DOI (retrieved from Most Academic Research Databases)
Author surname, A. A. (Year). Book title. Publisher.E-Book Chapter
Author surname, A. A. (Year). Title of a chapter. In B. B. Editor surname & C. C. Editor surname (Eds.), Book title (pp. xx-xx). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxxxxxxx*If DOI is not provided, omit "https://doi.org/xxxxxxxxxx"; add URL if the e-book chapter is not retrieved from a database
Author surname, A. A., & Author surname, B. B. (Year). Article title. Title of the Journal, Volume(Issue), pp-pp. https://doi.org/xxxxxxxxxx
Without DOI (retrieved from Most Academic Research Databases)
Author surname, A. A., & Author surname, B. B. (Year). Article title. Title of the Journal, Volume(Issue), pp-pp.
*Different from APA 6th ed., there is no need to provide the URL of the journal home page in 7th ed. even if DOI is not available.
*This is also the referencing format for print journal articles.
Without DOI (with a Non-Database URL)
Author surname, A. A., & Author surname, B. B. (Year). Article title. Title of the Journal, Volume(Issue), pp-pp. https://xxxxxxxxxx
jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-32
Retrieved from Specific Databases
The Cochrane Databse of Systematic Reviews
Author surname, A. A, & Author surname, B. B. (Year). Article title. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/xxxxxxxxxx
Author surname, A. A., & Author surname, B. B. (Year). Article title. UpToDate. Retrieval date, from https://xxxxxxxxxx
*Fill in (YYYY) with the year of the last update date provided on the database page
*Add a retrieval date for articles from UpToDate
Organization / Government Agency as Author. (Year). Title of report (Report No. xxx [if given]). Publisher. https://xxxxxxxxxx
AN18B0100.pdf
*Omit the publisher if it is the same as the author
Report by Author(s) from an Organization / a Government Agency
Author surname, A. A., & Author surname, B. B. (Year). Title of report (Report No. xxx [if given]). Publisher. https://xxxxxxxxxx
27704.pdf
Reporter surname, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Newspaper Title, xx-xx.
Online Newspaper Article
Reporter surname, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Newspaper Title. https://xxxxxxxxxx
which-way-to-buy-gold-the-metal-or-the-companies-11581304020
*If the news articles are published in online news websites (e.g. BBC News, CNN, Bloomberg, Reuters), the citation format should be as follows:
Reporter surname, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Article title. News Website. https://xxxxxxxxxx
Print Magazine Article
Author surname, A. A. (Year, Month). Article title. Magazine Title, Volume(Issue), pp-pp.
Online Magazine Article
Author surname, A. A. (Year, Month). Article title. Magazine Title. https://xxxxxxxxxx
*For online article, give the URL of the exact newspaper / magazine article rather than the homepage as stated in 6th ed.
Author surname, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of work. Site Name. https://xxxxxxxxxx
Webpage on a Website with an Organization / Government Agency as Author
Organization / Government Agency as Author. (Year, Month Day). Title of work. Site Name. https://xxxxxxxxxx
3557.html
*Omit the site name if it is the same as the author
*Give the year and month, or the year only if no exact date is available
Screen name. (Year, Month Day). Title of work [Video]. Video Platform. https://xxxxxxxxxx
Film
Director, A. A. (Director). (Year). Title of work [Film]. Production Company.
Video Disc
Producer surname, A. A. (Director). (Year). Title of work [Medium & Description]. Production Company.
PowerPoint Sildes
Author surname, A. A. (Year). Title of work [PowerPoint slides]. Classroom Website / Learning Management System. https://xxxxxxxxxx
Author surname, A. A., & Author surname, B. B. (Year, Month, Days). Title of paper [Paper presentation]. Conference name, Location.
Symposium
Contributor surname, A. A., & Contributor surname, B. B. (Year, Month, Days). Title of contribution. In C. C. surname (Chair), Title of symposium [Symposium]. Conference name, Location.
Published in the format of an E-Book Chapter
Author surname, A. A., & Author surname, B. B. (Year). Title of paper. In C. C. Editor surname & D. D. Editor surname (Eds.), Title of published proceedings (pp. xx-xx). Publisher. https://doi.org/xxxxxxxxxx
Author surname, A. A. (Year). Title of doctoral dissertation / master’s thesis [Doctoral dissertation / Master’s thesis, Name of Institution awarding the degree]. Archive name. https://xxxxxxxxxx
Retrieved from a Database
Author surname, A. A. (Year). Title of doctoral dissertation / master’s thesis (Accession No. / Order No.) [Doctoral dissertation / Master’s thesis, Name of Institution awarding the degree]. Database name.
You should be aware that AI tools have been known to generate false information and cite non-existent sources. It is advised that you verify the accuracy of information and sources before adding them to your assignment.
Name of Company / Creator of Generative AI Tool. (Year). Name of the generative AI tool (Month Date version) [Large language model]. URL.
Source: How to cite ChatGPT?
(APA Style Blog: https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/how-to-cite-chatgpt)
- If no publication date is available, mark n.d. in parenthesis
- If there is no author found, put the title at the beginning of the entry
- Begin the entry with the word "Anonymous" only if the work's author is designated as anonymous
- Delete superfluous terms when citing the publisher name (e.g. Publishers, Co., Inc.) but retain Books and Press